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Original Article
Clinical factors causing hyperbilirubinemia in patients with Kawasaki disease
Kyung Hee Moon, Ok Ran Kim, Seung Taek Yu, Myung Eun Hong, Chang Woo Lee, Du Young Choi, Yeon Kyun Oh, Jong Duk Kim, Hyang Suk Yoon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(1):52-55.   Published online January 15, 2007
Purpose : Hyperbilirubinemia, jaundice and gallbladder hydrops are unusual manifestations of Kawasaki disease (KD). In this case, abdominal pain, anorexia and abdominal distension may follow eventfully. We reviewed the clinical and laboratory data to investigate the causative factors of hyperbilirubinemia in patients with KD. Methods : Two-hundred eighty two children diagnosed and hospitalized with KD were identified by searching patients' charts....
Usefulness of echocardiographic findings in the early diagnosis of Kawasaki disease
Chang Hwan Choi, Sung Hwan Byun, Je Duk Jeon, Jong-Woon Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(1):47-51.   Published online January 15, 2007
Purpose : The early diagnosis of Kawasaki disease (KD) is difficult sometimes, especially in atypical or incomplete cases presenting 4 or less principal clinical features without coronary arterial lesions (coronary arterial ectasia or aneurysm). The authors investigated the incidence of echocardiographic abnormalities in patients with KD to discover whether abnormal echocardiographic findings might be helpful in the early diagnosis of...
Serum homocysteine and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels after intravenous gammaglobulin treatment in patients with Kawasaki disease
Jung Hwa Cha, Young Mi Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(10):1093-1099.   Published online October 15, 2006
Purpose : Homocysteine is a strong and independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The deleterious effects of homocysteine included endothelial dysfunction, arterial intimal-medial thickening, wall stiffness and procoagulant activity. However, the precise mechanism responsible for homocysteine release in children with coronary artery disease is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate serum homocysteine and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α...
Comparative study of therapeutic effects according to duration of medium-dose aspirin therapy at the acute stage of Kawasaki disease
Jung Hwa Lee, So Hee Lee, Sang Taek Lee, Yong Hyun Park, Seong Jin Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(7):790-795.   Published online July 15, 2006
Purpose : This study was performed to compare the therapeutic effects according to duration of medium-dose aspirin(50-60 mg/kg/day) therapy at the acute stage of Kawasaki disease(KD). Methods : Total 87 patients with KD were enrolled in this study. We performed retrospective analysis of clinical characteristics and echocardiographic findings based on medical records. Patient were randomly divided into 2 groups according to...
Clinical significance of follow-up laboratory tests, performed at 6 weeks after the onset of Kawasaki disease
Il Ji Oh, Kyung Hee Moon, Myung Eun Hong, Yeon Soon Kim, Chang Woo Lee, Hyang Suk Yoon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(6):672-676.   Published online June 15, 2006
Purpose : Low dose aspirin is used due to its antiplatelet effect for the subacute phase of Kawasaki disease(KD). It is usually used for 6-8 weeks, then various hematologic laboratory tests and follow up echocardiography for evaluating coronary abnormalities are performed. Our review investigated the usefulness of various follow up laboratory tests performed at 6 weeks after the onset of...
NT-pro BNP : A new diagnostic screening tool for Kawasaki disease
Hyunju Lee, Heejung Kim, Hae Soon Kim, Sejung Sohn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(5):539-544.   Published online May 15, 2006
Purpose : The purpose of this study was to determine whether N-terminal fragment of B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP) may be used to differentiate acute Kawasaki disease(KD) from other clinically similar diseases. Methods : Using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, NT-proBNP concentrations were measured in the acute phase within 10 days after the onset of KD(n=58) and in the convalescent phase, 60 to 81 days after...
Changes of Lipid and Lipoprotein Compositions in Kawasaki Disease and its Impact on Cardiac Complications
Sin Weon Yun, Ho Seok Lee, Dong Woon Kim, Kang Won Rhee, Young Soo Jung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(12):1370-1377.   Published online December 15, 2005
Purpose : Delineation of serum lipid and lipoprotein values in children after Kawasaki disease(KD) is important because of the predilection of this disease for the coronary arteries. Methods : The KD group was composed of 51 patients who were hospitalized from Jan. 2002 to Dec. 2003. Control was 25 patients with non-KD febrile illness. The levels of total lipid, phospholipid,...
Clinical and Epidemiologic Study of Kawasaki Disease in Children 8 Years of Age and Older
Yong Won Park, Ji Whan Han, In Sook Park, Chang Hwi Kim, Sung Ho Cha, Jae Sook Ma, Tae Chan Kwon, Sang Bum Lee, Chul Ho Kim, Heung Jae Lee, Yong Soo Yun
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(10):1139-1142.   Published online October 15, 2005
Purpose : The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiologic and clinical profiles of Kawasaki disease(KD) in children 8 years of age and older. Methods : For the epidemiologic study of KD in Korea, data of total 15,692 KD patients were collected from 1994 to 2002 on a 3 year basis, by the retrospective survey. Among them, data of...
Serum Nitric Oxide and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Levels in Patients with Kawasaki Disease
Ji Hye Park, Jee Seon Shin, Young Mi Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(7):772-778.   Published online July 15, 2005
Purpose : Kawasaki disease(KD) is a systemic panvasculitis that causes coronary artery lesions. KD is accompanied by immunoregulatory abnormalities. Nitric oxide(NO) can induce relaxation of blood vessels by activating guanylate cyclase in smooth muscle cells and high levels of NO may result in coronary artery lesions. We investigated tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α and NO production before and after intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) therapy...
The Clinical Significance of Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1(sICAM-1) and Soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1(sVCAM-1) in Kawasaki Disease
Kang Won Rhee, Sin Weon Yun, Dong Keun Lee, Eung Sang Choi, Byung Hoon Yoo, Mi Kyung Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(6):640-648.   Published online June 15, 2005
Purpose : Kawasaki disease(KD) is known as an acute multi-systemic vasculitis with various immunologic abnormalities. Adhesion of leukocyte to endothelial cells is a key event in the sequence of inflammatory response. This study was performed to investigate the clinical significance of serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) in acute and subacute stages of typical...
The Change of Serum Soluble E-selectin in Kawasaki Disease
Jae-Ho Jeong, Eun-Young Cho, Jae-Woo Lim, Eun-Jeong Cheon, Kyong-Og Ko, Kyung-Il Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(5):539-544.   Published online May 15, 2005
Purpose : The aim of this study was to investigate the pathophysiologic role of serum E-selectin, vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)-induced cell adhesion mollecule in Kawasaki disease(KD) and to look for the evidence of direct relationship between the plasma levels of soluble E-selectin and the incidence of coronary artery lesion(CAL). Methods : Changes in plasma levels of sE-selectin(n=98) over time were...
Chest X-ray Findings and Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Levels in Patients with Kawasaki Disease
Ji Young Kim, Jung Hyun Kwon, Kyung Hyo Kim, Jung Hyun Yu, Young Mi Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(5):534-538.   Published online May 15, 2005
Purpose : Kawasaki disease(KD) is a multisystemic inflammatory vasculitis of unknown etiology. Many complications other than cardiovascular involvement have been recognized in KD. However, there have been few reports published concerning involvement of the lungs in this disease. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between serum TNF-α, the degree of coronary artery dilatation and chest X-ray(CXR)...
Case Report
A Case of Kawasaki Disease with Mycoplasma Pneumonia
Se Min Lee, So Eun Park, Yeun Woo Kim, Jung Yeun Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(4):438-442.   Published online April 15, 2005
Kawasaki disease is an acute febrile vasculitis that occurs predominantly in young children under 5- years-old. The patients present generally with a high spiking fever that is unresponsive to antibiotics and lasts for more than five days at least. Prolonged fever has been shown to be a risk factor in the development of coronary artery disease. It seems to be...
Original Article
Follow-Up Method in Patients with Kawasaki Disease who had No Coronary Artery Abnormalities in the Convalescent Period
Hee Jung Joo, Min Seob Song, Chul Ho Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(2):165-173.   Published online February 15, 2005
Purpose : We performed the study to evaluate the value of the follow-up echocardiogram performed 6 months to 1 year after the onset of Kawasaki disease(KD), as recommended by American Heart Association(AHA) guidelines, when echocardiograms in the convalescent period were normal. Methods : Patients were selected from 147 cases diagnosed with KD at Pusan Paik hospital from January 2000 to October...
The Effects of Intravenous Immunoglobulin(IVIG) and Methylprednisolone on the mRNAs Expressions of VEGF, VCAM-1 and IL-1β of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells(HUVEC) Stimulated by IL-1β
Soh Yeon Kim, Sun Jeong Lim, Ji Whan Han, Kyung Yil Lee, Joon Sung Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(12):1325-1333.   Published online December 15, 2004
Purpose : Kawasaki disease(KD) manifests a systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology in young children. Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) and interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β) may play important roles in the pathogenesis of KD. Intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) and methylprednisolone(MP) are therapeutically effective for KD, however, the precise mechanisms of the two drugs are still unknown. We investigated the therapeutic efficacy of...
Case Report
A Case of Dieulafoy's Lesion Presenting Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in a Child in the Acute Phase of Kawasaki Disease
Seung Min Lee, Seok Woo Park, Yun Hee Kim, Ji Eun Lee, Young Jin Hong, Byong Kwan Son
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(10):1124-1127.   Published online October 15, 2004
Dieulafoy's lesion is an unusual cause of massive gastrointestinal bleeding resulting from the erosion of an abnormally large submucosal artery. Recently, improvement of endoscopic techniques has made effective hemostasis possible in most cases of Dieulafoy's lesion. Aspirin, which is an anti-inflammatory agent, increases the incidence of major upper gastrointestinal complications. Gastroduodenal mucosal injury associated with aspirin therapy in patients in...
Original Article
Clinical Characteristics of Recurrent Kawasaki Disease
Hyun Ji Lee, Ae Ra Cho, Hae Soon Kim, Sejung Sohn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(8):879-883.   Published online August 15, 2004
Purpose : The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical manifestations and the risk factors of recurrent Kawasaki disease(KD). Methods : From March 1995 to June 2003, 14 children with recurrent KD in Ewha Womans University Hospital were retrospectively evaluated by reviewing their admission reports. The clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, treatment and complications of the recurrent KD group were...
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase(MTHFR) Gene Expression in Kawasaki Disease
Hye Ryung Choi, Ae Ra Joo, Hae Soon Kim, Sejung Sohn, Young Mi Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(7):774-778.   Published online July 15, 2004
Purpose : Hyperhomocysteinemia is known as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclesosis and myocardiac infarct. A common mutation in 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR) gene results in a valine for alanine substitution, which makes enzyme thermolabile and reduces enzymal activity. We examined the relation of MTHFR genetic mutation and Kawasaki disease. Methods : We extracted DNA from the peripheral...
Echocardiographic Evaluation of Left Ventricular Function in Kawasaki Disease : Effect of Immune Globulin
Mi-Jin Jung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(6):665-671.   Published online June 15, 2004
Purpose : The purpose of this investigation was to identify the impaired myocardial function and improvement with immune globulin in Kawasaki disease. Methods : The myocardial performance and diastolic function were evaluated in 52 patients. M-mode and Doppler echocardiography were performed before(pre) and after immune globulin treatment : two to nine days(pre), five to 15 days(period one), 14 to 35...
Case Report
A Case of Multiple Septic Arthritis by Streptococcus pneumoniae in Kawasaki Disease
Jae-Hoon Choe, In-Gyu Lee, Kyung-Bae Park, Joon-Soo Park, Young Chang Kim, Hwa-Yong Song, Byung-Heum Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(5):579-582.   Published online May 15, 2004
In Kawasaki disease, arthritis may occur, generally affecting the hands, knees, ankles, or hips. Operations have not usually been needed. We report a case of Kawasaki Disease with multiple septic arthritis which was caused by S. pneumoniae and which needed athrotomy with drainage for both hips, both knees, and both ankle joints. A two year, ten-month-old girl was admitted to...
Original Article
Aseptic Meningitis Secondary to High-Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy in Kawasaki Disease
Ae Ra Cho, Jee Yoon Park, Kyung Hyo Kim, Young Mi Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(5):561-566.   Published online May 15, 2004
Purpose : Kawasaki disease is a multisystemic inflammatory vasculitis and associated with neurologic features such as aseptic meningitis. High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) is used to treat Kawasaki disease and generally considered to be safe, but rare cases of aseptic meningitis with unknown etiology have been reported. The aseptic meningitis associated with Kawasaki disease was compared with meningitis as the adverse reaction...
Manifestation of Coronary Artery Lesions after Immunoglobulin Re-treatment in Initial Immunoglobulin-resistant Kawasaki Disease
Hyo Jung Suk, In Sung Kim, Jo Won Jung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(4):424-429.   Published online April 15, 2004
Purpose : To evaluate the predictable factors for why initial intravenous immune globulin(IVIG) therapy failed and the outcome of coronary lesions after additional IVIG retreated in initial IVIG- resistant Kawasaki disease(KD). Methods : Retrospective studies were performed on 284 cases of KD treated with one episode of high-dose IVIG and 63 cases with additional IVIG retreatment at this hospital from January...
Prediction of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Non-responders in Patients with Kawasaki Disease
Gi Bum Lee, Ji-Won Lee, Kyung-Yil Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(1):90-94.   Published online January 15, 2004
Purpose : We evaluated the effects of intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) on the levels of laboratory indices examined serially according to the responsiveness to IVIG therapy in children with Kawasaki disease(KD). Methods : Children with KD(n=63) who had been treated with IVIG at a dosage of 2.0 g/kg were classified into two groups : the IVIG-resistant(consistent fever over 48 hours after initiation...
Comparison of Serum Proteome Maps of Children with Kawasaki Disease
Seoung Yon Baek, Young-Mock Lee, Kwang Hoon Lee, Dong Soo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(1):81-89.   Published online January 15, 2004
Purpose : Kawasaki disease is a systemic vasculitis observed in children under five years of age and the leading cause of pediatric acquired heart disease, but its pathophysiology is still not completely understood. With proteomics, the study of quality and quantity of proteins, having been developed dramatically, we tried to find a way to evaluate the etiology and pathogenesis of...
Case Report
Arthritis in the Subacute Stage of Kawasaki Disease after Responding to Intravenous Immunoglobulin Treatment
Kyung-Yil Lee, Jin-Hee Oh, Dea-Kyun Koh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(11):1124-1127.   Published online November 15, 2003
We evaluated the clinical and laboratory characteristics of five children with Kawasaki disease who had showed arthritis after responding to intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) treatment. Age distribution was between 13 months and six years of age(mean 3.2?.6 years). There were two males and three females. Arthritis occurred when acute symptoms were subsiding, with the average onset on day 5.8?.8 after final IVIG...
Original Article
Safety and Efficacy of Early Treatment with Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Patients with Kawasaki Disease
Hyun Jin Kim, Hae Won Yom, Hae Soon Kim, Sejung Sohn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(10):1019-1023.   Published online October 15, 2003
Purpose : To determine the differences in clinical characteristics, blood chemistry and coronary artery complications between patients with Kawasaki disease who received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) within the fourth day of illness and after the fifth day of illness. Methods : A retrospective chart review was conducted of all children with Kawasaki disease who were admitted to Ewha Mokdong Hospital between January...
The Relationship between Human Neutrophil Elastase and Coronary Arterial Dilatation in Kawasaki Disease
Jun Yong Shim, Hee Won Choi, Ja Hyun Hong, Jong Kyun Lee, Hae Yong Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(9):903-908.   Published online September 15, 2003
Purpose : Kawasaki disease is notorious for coronary arterial complication which is usually developed as a febrile disease in early childhood. Increased polymorphonucleus(PMN) cell levels in acute phases may be associated with the pathophysiology of Kawasaki disease. We studied the relationship between coronary arterial dilatation and elastase activity which was excreted from PMN cell and roles as an important factor...
Alteration of Biochemical Profiles after High-Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulin Administration in Kawasaki Disease
Ji-Won Lee, Kyung-Yil Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(8):817-820.   Published online August 15, 2003
Purpose : Intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) has been used as an immunomodulatory treatment for several immune-mediated diseases. The early effect of high-dose IVIG on biochemical profiles including lipids and proteins was evaluated in patients with Kawasaki disease(KD). Methods : Twelve children with KD(nine boys) were treated with IVIG of 2 g/kg over 12 hours. Serial sera were collected from the patients four times...
Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor as a Predictive Risk Factor for the Occurrence of Coronary Artery Lesions in Kawasaki Disease
Min Hyuk Park, Hye Lim Jung, Ju Hee Yang, Jung-Yeon Shim, Deok Soo Kim, Jae Won Shim, Moon Soo Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(8):811-816.   Published online August 15, 2003
Purpose : Kawasaki disease is an acute systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology with a predilection for the coronary arteries. Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) is a cytokine which promotes vascular permeability and angiogenesis. We investigated serum VEGF(sVEGF) levels in Kawasaki disease to determine whether sVEGF level can be used as a risk factor to predict the occurrence of coronary artery lesions(CAL)...
Clinical Characteristics of Kawasaki Disease in Infants Younger than 3 Months of Age
Soo Jeong Lee, So Jung Kim, Hae Soon Kim, Sejung Sohn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(6):591-596.   Published online June 15, 2003
Purpose : Kawasaki disease(KD) is rare in infants <3 months of age. In this younger group, the diagnosis may be delayed due to lack of most of the clinical criteria, resulting in a high risk of cardiac complications. We examined clinical characteristics in these patients for early recognition and treatment. Methods : We conducted a retrospective study on the infants...
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